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- fsck - check and repair filesystems for EFS
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ////eeeettttcccc////ffffsssscccckkkk [----cccc] [----ffff] [----gggg] [----mmmm] [----nnnn] [----qqqq] [----yyyy] [----llll dir] [filesystems]
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _f_s_c_k is applicable only to EFS filesystems. To repair XFS filesystems,
- see xfs_repair(1M).
-
- _f_s_c_k audits and repairs inconsistent conditions for filesystems. You
- must have both read and write permission for the device containing the
- filesystem unless you give the ----nnnn flag, in which case only read
- permission is required.
-
- If the filesystem is inconsistent, you are normally prompted for
- concurrence before each correction is attempted. Most corrective actions
- result in some loss of data. The amount and severity of data loss can be
- determined from the diagnostic output. The default action for each
- correction is to wait for you to respond yyyyeeeessss or nnnnoooo. However, certain
- option flags cause _f_s_c_k to run in a non-interactive mode.
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- On completion, the number of files, blocks used, and blocks free are
- reported.
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- NNNNooootttteeee:::: Checking the raw device is almost always faster.
-
- The following options are accepted by _f_s_c_k:
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- ----cccc Checks the filesystem only if the superblock indicates that it is
- dirty, otherwise a message is printed saying that the filesystem is
- clean and no check is performed. The default in the absence of
- this option is to always perform the check.
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- ----ffff Fast check. Check block and sizes and check the free list. The
- free list is reconstructed if it is necessary. No directory or
- pathname checks are performed.
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- ----gggg A low risk "gentle" mode, similar to BSD preen. Problems that do
- not present any risk of data loss are fixed: these include bad link
- counts, bad free list, and dirty superblock. If any serious damage
- is encountered that cannot be repaired without risk of data loss,
- _f_s_c_k terminates with a warning message.
-
- ----llll Allows a directory on a mounted filesystem, located elsewhere on
- the system, to be specified as a salvage directory. Unreferenced
- regular files, named after their inode numbers, are copied into
- this salvage directory. This allows files to be salvaged from very
- badly corrupted filesystems that may not be repairable in place --
- if the root inode is lost, for example.
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- ffffsssscccckkkk((((1111MMMM)))) ffffsssscccckkkk((((1111MMMM))))
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- ----mmmm Forks multiple instances of _f_s_c_k to check filesystems in parallel
- for improved speed. This option is effective only when _f_s_c_k is
- working from the filesystems listed in /_e_t_c/_f_s_t_a_b and is ignored if
- explicit filesystem arguments are given. Also, when this option is
- specified, entries in /_e_t_c/_f_s_t_a_b with the nnnnooooaaaauuuuttttoooo option are
- ignored.
-
- ----nnnn Assumes a nnnnoooo response to all questions asked by _f_s_c_k; does not open
- the filesystem for writing.
-
- ----qqqq Quiet _f_s_c_k. This option is effectively a version of the ----yyyy option
- with less verbose output.
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- ----yyyy Assumes a yyyyeeeessss response to all questions asked by _f_s_c_k.
-
- If no _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m_s are specified, _f_s_c_k reads a list of default filesystems
- from the file /_e_t_c/_f_s_t_a_b. This does not include the root filesystem;
- _f_s_c_k runs on root only if this is explicitly specified.
-
- Normally, a filesystem must be unmounted in order to run _f_s_c_k on it, an
- error message is printed and no action taken if invoked on a mounted
- filesystem. The one exception to this is the root filesystem, which must
- be mounted to run _f_s_c_k. If inconsistencies are detected when running on
- root, _f_s_c_k causes a remount of root.
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- PPPPAAAARRRRAAAALLLLLLLLEEEELLLL OOOOPPPPEEEERRRRAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- When invoked with the ----mmmm flag and without explicit filesystem parameters,
- _f_s_c_k scans /_e_t_c/_f_s_t_a_b and attempts to fork a check process for each eeeeffffssss
- filesystem found. These checks proceed in parallel, for improved speed.
-
- The name of the device holding the filesystem is printed as each check
- begins. However, to avoid confusion, the remaining output from these
- parallel checks is not printed; instead it is placed in log files in the
- directory /_e_t_c/_f_s_c_k_l_o_g_s. This directory is created if it does not
- currently exist.
-
- The log files are named after the last component of the pathname of the
- device where the filesystem resides. For example, if a filesystem was on
- /_d_e_v/_d_s_k/_i_p_s_0_d_1_s_7 the logfile is named /_e_t_c/_f_s_c_k_l_o_g_s/_i_p_s_0_d_1_s_7.
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- Because there is no interaction with the checks, the ----mmmm option is
- accepted only in combination with another option implying non interactive
- behavior: ----yyyy or ----gggg.
-
- As each check completes, the name of the device is printed along with a
- message indicating success or failure. In the event of failure, the name
- of the logfile containing the output from the check of that filesystem is
- also printed.
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- Some control over the parallelization is possible by placing _p_a_s_s_n_u_m_b_e_r_s
- in /_e_t_c/_f_s_t_a_b (see _f_s_t_a_b(4)). If pass numbers are given for filesystems,
- they are checked in the order of their pass numbers. All filesystems
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- with a given pass number are checked (in parallel, if more than one
- filesystem has the same pass number) before the next highest pass number.
- A missing pass number defaults to zero. If no pass numbers are present,
- all filesystems are checked simultaneously if possible.
-
- NNNNooootttteeee:::: In fact, _f_s_c_k takes note of the amount of memory available in the
- system, and limits the number of simultaneous check processes to avoid
- swapping. If there is not enough memory to avoid swapping for a
- particular filesystem, the message
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- Warning - Low free memory, swapping likely
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- is printed. If this occurs when _f_s_c_k'ing the root or usr filesystem
- after a crash, the crash dump is lost. In this case the _f_s_c_k takes
- longer, but the results are otherwise normal.
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- CCCCHHHHEEEECCCCKKKKSSSS PPPPEEEERRRRFFFFOOOORRRRMMMMEEEEDDDD
- Inconsistencies checked are as follows:
-
- 1. Inode block addressing checks: Too many direct or indirect
- extents, extents out of order, bad magic number in extents, blocks
- that are not in a legal data area of the filesystem, blocks that
- are claimed by more than one inode.
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- 2. Size checks: Number of blocks claimed by inode inconsistent with
- inode size, directory size not block aligned.
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- 3. Directory checks: Illegal number of entries in a directory block,
- bad freespace pointer in directory block, entry pointing to
- unallocated or outrange inode, overlapping entries, missing or
- incorrect dot and dotdot entries.
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- 4. Pathname checks: Files or directories not referenced by a pathname
- starting from the filesystem root.
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- 5. Link count checks: Link counts that do not agree with the number
- of directory references to the inode.
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- 6. Freemap checks: Blocks claimed free by the freemap but also
- claimed by an inode, blocks unclaimed by any inode but not
- appearing in the freemap.
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- 7. Super Block checks: Total free block and/or free i-node count
- incorrect.
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- Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are, with the
- your concurrence, reconnected by placing them in the _l_o_s_t+_f_o_u_n_d
- directory, if the files are nonempty. You are notified if the file or
- directory is empty or not. Empty files or directories are removed, as
- long as the ----nnnn option is not specified. _f_s_c_k forces the reconnection of
- nonempty directories. The name assigned is the i-node number. The
- directory _l_o_s_t+_f_o_u_n_d must preexist in the root of the filesystem being
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- checked and must have empty slots in which entries can be made. This
- directory is always created by _m_k_f_s(1M) when a filesystem is first
- created.
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- SSSSUUUUPPPPEEEERRRRBBBBLLLLOOOOCCCCKKKKSSSS AAAANNNNDDDD FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSSYYYYSSSSTTTTEEEEMMMM RRRROOOOBBBBUUUUSSSSTTTTNNNNEEEESSSSSSSS
- In IRIX 3.3 and later, a replicated superblock exists in the EFS
- filesystem, situated at the end of the filesystem space. If _f_s_c_k cannot
- read the primary superblock it attempts to use the replicated superblock.
- It prints a message to notify you of the situation. This is automatic;
- no user intervention is required. Further, _f_s_c_k attempts to determine if
- a replicated superblock exists, and if not, optionally creates one.
- Thus, older filesystems benefit from this feature.
-
- Finally, if no superblock can be found on a damaged filesystem, it may be
- possible to regenerate one by using the new ----rrrr option of _m_k_f_s(1M), and
- then use _f_s_c_k to salvage the filesystem.
-
- WWWWaaaarrrrnnnniiiinnnngggg:::: This is nnnnooootttt effective if the filesystem was created under a
- version of IRIX other than the currently running version, since _m_k_f_s
- defaults have changed from release to release.
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- OOOOBBBBSSSSOOOOLLLLEEEETTTTEEEE OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- The options ----bbbb, ----DDDD, ----ssss, ----SSSS, and ----tttt, which were supported by earlier
- versions of _f_s_c_k, are now obsolete.
-
- The ----bbbb option caused a reboot of the system when _f_s_c_k was run on the root
- filesystem and errors were detected. The behavior now is always to
- remount the root filesystem in this case.
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- The ----tttt option specified a scratch file for temporary storage; this is now
- never required.
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- The ----DDDD option added extra directory checks; these are now always done by
- default.
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- The ----ssss and ----SSSS options caused conditional or forced rebuild of the
- freelist. The freelist is now exhaustively checked and is always rebuilt
- if necessary.
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- All of these options are now legal no-ops.
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- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /etc/fstab default list of filesystems to check
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- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- findblk(1M), fpck(1M), mkfs(1M), ncheck(1M), uadmin(2), filesystems(4),
- fstab(4).
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